Al-Faki, I. M (2006), 'An Introduction to Literature', Open University of Sudan, Khartoum.
Balla, B. (2012) 'Symbolism, Synesthesia, and Semiotics : Multidisciplinary Approach' USA. Edward Arnold Publishers.
Crystal, D.(2004), 'The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language' Cambridge University press.
Dwoekin. C. and Perlofe . M (2009) ' The sound of Poetry'. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Gay. M. (1997). 'A Dictionary of Literary Terms', (2nd edition) Longman. Longman University Press.
Heidegger . M. (2010), 'Poetry, Language, and Thought'. Library of Congress. USA
Hornby. A. S (2005), ' Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary'. Oxford University Press.
Johnson. K (2006), 'Poetry for the People', English Teaching Forum.
Liong. K (1999), 'Caged in our Signs: A book about Semiotics'. Ablex publishing corporation. New Jersy.
Little. M. D (2000) , 'The Language of Literature'. Boston, A Houghton Mifflin Company.
Longman Dictionary of contemporary English Language, (2012), Longman Group Limited.
Mansour. W. (1999), 'Appreciating Poetry', English Teaching Forum.
Murray, Y. and Winterowd R. (1985) 'English Writing and Skills'. USA Conorado Publishers.
Palmer. F. (2001). 'Semantics', second edition, Cambridge University Press.
Richards et al (2013), 'Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Language', Longman University Press.
Rogers, P. (1996), 'The Poetry Sausage Machine Creative Writing as a Teaching Strategy'. English Teaching Forum.
Websites
html:file//owner/thefrog.prince.by.Stevie.Smith.poetry/Archive.mht